Research Design and Methodology

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Part 1.

In Chapter 9 Case&Given present and explain important concepts related to the research process, that is, an explanation of methodologies, methods and the design of a research study. Using examples of information behavior research to illustrate these concepts. It is important to understand how research is accomplished because it enables you to comprehend and better evaluate the results of a research study, especially in the field of information behavior. Although all of the information Case&Given present in this chapter is important, the “stages of research” and “ethics in research” are, in my opinion, extremely important to understand. It is also important to understand that there are many methodologies and methods used in research. Case presents a good summary in Table 9.1 (pg. 221) and it is important to read through the chapter for a understanding of Information Behavior research. Case&Given state “We must consider how information seeking has been studied to assess what we know about it”(pg. 219).

1) Why is “sound research design needed? Why are “methods” needed in research? Describe the “stages” of a research study and explain why each stage might be needed when conducting research. What concepts are new to you?

2.1) If you were to begin a study of information seeking today, which methodological approach would you be most comfortable with, and why? Consider a group with which you are familiar — students in a particular discipline, members of an organization you belong to, or people who share your interest in a particular sport or hobby. How would you go about investigating their information needs and behaviors?

2.2) Qualitative approaches to studying information behavior — for example, participant observation, ethnographic interviews — have been on the increase over the last four decades. Why might they be? In your view do such approaches to studying people hold more promise than methods more commonly used in decades past — especially surveys and experiments?

Part 2.

1) What do the concepts of validity, reliability, purpose, units and time have to do with research?

2.3) For many types of topics, it is better to use two or three distinct methods of investigation (e.g., observation plus interview plus examination of artifacts), rather than one (e.g., a web survey). Which methods might you use to study the following topics and situations: A. The process, information sources, and channels used by two couples as they plan their summer vacation together, starting six months in advance of travel. B. Decision-making among a department of seven marketing specialists in the consumer products division of a manufacturing company. C. The information sources and channels used by a physician’s Assistant as she examines and screens 50 patients over the course of a week in which they appear in a family medicine clinic. D. The information sources and channels used by two parents as they choose a school for their six-year-old child. In each case be mindful of issues related to privacy and reactivity of those observed, and to issues of access to data, noting these as you describe the methods used.

2.4) Choose one of the empirical studies cited in this chapter and locate the original article or chapter in which it was reported. Read it carefully and develop responses to the following questions:

a. What kind of phenomenon or problem is being studied? In your view, does the researcher make good arguments as to why it is being studied? Does it seem important to you ?

b. Are definitions offered for the key terms and concepts used in the study? Is there any indication of how those words relate to one another? Does it explain how we know that the concepts really exist, and how to recognize and/or measure them?

c. What has been left out of any literature review that precedes the study? What other literature might have been reviewed that you are aware of as being somewhat relevant to the subject of the study? d. Consider the choice of words used by the author to report the study. Is the language biased in any way — that is, slanted toward a particular view of people or the phenomenon being studied? An example would be words that suggest that the persons studied are “lazy” in seeking information, or that assume that the only valid information is that from an institutional source.

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